The Seismo-Ionospheric Disturbances before the 9 June 2022 Maerkang Ms6.0 Earthquake Swarm

Based on the multi-data of global ionospheric map (GIM), total electron content (TEC) inversed from GPS observations, critical frequency F2 layer (fOF2) ionosonde, density (Ne), temperature (Te), and He+ O+ densities detected by China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), temporal spatial characteristics multi-parameter perturbations were analyzed around Maerkang Ms6.0 earthquake swarm 9 June 2022. The results showed that seismo-ionospheric disturbances observed during 2–4 epicenter under quiet solar-geomagnetic conditions. All parameters we studied characterized synchronous changes negative anomalies, with a better consistency between ground-based satellite observations. anomalies for all appeared 5–7 days before can be considered as significant signals upcoming main shock. coupling mechanism may combination two channels: an overlapped DC electric field acoustic gravity wave, described lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere (LAIC). In addition, in order to make investigations still more convincing, completed statistical analysis earthquakes over study area (20°~40° N, 92°~112° E) 1 January 2019 July nine seismic events reveal most strong are preceded obvious anomalous generally appear 1–15 earthquakes, continuity reliability anomaly detection relatively high. integrated satellite–ground cross-validation effectively improve confidence level identification reduce false anomalies.